Lao PDR has been a Party to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) since December 5, 2006. It has the Law on Tobacco Control, which is the main legislation encompassing tobacco control measures smoking in public spaces, tobacco advertising and promotions, and packaging and labeling of tobacco products. A key challenge in implementing tobacco control is the government’s interest in the industry: the government has a 25-year investment agreement with Imperial Tobacco (ILA), which caps tobacco tax increases and provides incentives to ILA, the dominant player in the cigarette market.